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Syllabus points
BIO-A Unity and Diversity
BIO-A1.1 WaterPolarity, hydrogen bonding, cohesion/adhesion, specific heat and water's solvent role.
BIO-A1.2 Nucleic acidsDNA and RNA structure, base pairing, antiparallel strands, conservation across life.
BIO-A2.2 Cell structureProkaryote vs eukaryote architecture, organelle function, specialisation.
BIO-A3.1 Diversity of organismsSpecies concepts, genetic diversity, three-domain classification.
BIO-A3.2 Classification and cladisticsTaxonomy, cladograms, molecular-clock evidence for relationships.
BIO-A4.1 Evolution and speciationVariation, natural selection, allopatric/sympatric speciation, case studies.
BIO-A4.2 Conservation of biodiversityExtinction pressures, diversity indices, ex-situ vs in-situ conservation.
BIO-B Form and Function
BIO-B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipidsMonomer-polymer chemistry, condensation/hydrolysis, storage vs structural roles.
BIO-B1.2 ProteinsPrimary-quaternary structure and how sequence determines shape and function.
BIO-B2.1 Membranes and membrane transportFluid mosaic model, diffusion, osmosis, active transport, endo/exocytosis.
BIO-B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalisationEndomembrane system, protein targeting, compartmentalised biochemistry.
BIO-B3.1 Gas exchangeSurface-area constraints, alveolar structure, ventilation/perfusion, stomata.
BIO-B3.2 TransportXylem/phloem, circulation, oxygen dissociation curves, lymphatic return.
BIO-B4.1 Adaptation to environmentNiches, coevolution, convergent evolution and environmental pressure.
BIO-B4.2 Ecological nichesFundamental vs realised niche, resource partitioning, competitive exclusion.
BIO-C Interaction and Interdependence
BIO-C1.1 Enzymes and metabolismEnzyme kinetics, activation energy, Michaelis-Menten behaviour, metabolic pathways.
BIO-C1.2 Cell respirationGlycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, aerobic/anaerobic ATP yield.
BIO-C1.3 PhotosynthesisLight-dependent/independent reactions, absorption spectrum, limiting factors.
BIO-C2.2 Neural signallingResting/action potentials, saltatory conduction, synaptic transmission.
BIO-C3.1 Integration of body systemsHomeostatic loops, nervous vs endocrine timescales, feedback examples.
BIO-C4.1 Populations and communitiesPredation, competition, mutualism, exponential/logistic growth, carrying capacity.
BIO-C4.2 Transfer of energy and matterFood webs, trophic efficiency, biogeochemical cycles.
BIO-D Continuity and Change
BIO-D1.1 DNA replicationSemiconservative replication, leading/lagging strands, proofreading.
BIO-D1.2 Protein synthesisTranscription, RNA processing, translation, the genetic code.
BIO-D2.1 Cell and nuclear divisionMitosis/meiosis, crossing over, independent assortment, cell-cycle checkpoints.
BIO-D2.3 Water potentialWater potential components, plasmolysis and turgor.
BIO-D3.1 ReproductionSexual/asexual strategies, pollination, menstrual cycle, IVF.
BIO-D3.2 InheritanceMendelian genetics, sex linkage, codominance, pedigrees, Hardy-Weinberg.
BIO-D3.3 HomeostasisBlood glucose, osmoregulation, thermoregulation control systems.
BIO-D4.1 Natural selectionVariation, heritability, differential fitness and adaptation.
BIO-D4.2 Stability and changeTipping points in biological systems and conservation in a changing world.
BIO-D4.3 Climate changeCarbon cycle disruption, ocean acidification, phenology shifts, mitigation.
Difficulty and exam format
Formats follow the current IB subject guide for Biology SL.
Duration and question count
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Additional instructions
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Sit the paper against a 90-minute countdown under exam conditions. You can change this when the paper opens.
Your blueprint
- Biology · SL
- Paper 2 · Medium
- 90 minutes · 8 questions
- No syllabus points selected yet
Generated papers are labelled IBBase AI Generated. This is an AI-generated practice paper and is not an official IB examination paper.